Diskografie » id and retina produces a para central scoto

A scotoma is an area of partial or complete blindness within an otherwise normal or slightly impaired visual field. Usually located within the central 30-degree area Deion Jones Shirt , the defect ranges from absolute blindness to a barely detectable loss of visual acuity. Typically, the patient can pinpoint the scotoma's location in the visual field.

Etiological factors:

A scotoma can result from a retinal, choroid, or optic nerve disorder. It can be classified as absolute, relative, or scintillating. An absolute scotoma refers to the total inability to see all sizes of test objects used in mapping the visual field. A relative scotoma Keanu Neal Shirt , in contrast, refers to the ability to see only large test objects. A scintillating scotoma refers to the flashes or bursts of light commonly seen during a migraine headache.

Chorioretinitis:
Inflammation of the choroid and retina produces a para central scotoma. Ophthalmoscopic examination reveals clouding and cells in the vitreous, sub retinal hemorrhage, and neo vascularization. The patient may have photophobia along with blurred vision.

Glaucoma:

Prolonged elevation of IOP can cause an arcuate scotoma. Poorly controlled glaucoma can also cause cupping of the optic disk, loss of peripheral vision, and reduced visual acuity. The patient may also see rainbow-colored halos around lights.

Migraine headache:
Transient scintillating scotomas Takkarist McKinley Shirt , usually bilateral and often homonymous, can occur during a classic migraine aura. Besides pain, characteristic associated symptoms include paresthesia of the lips, face, or hands; slight confusion; dizziness; and photophobia.

Optic neuritis:
Inflammation, degeneration Alex Mack Shirt , or demyelination of the optic nerve produces a central, circular, or centrocecal scotoma. The scotoma may be unilateral with involvement of one nerve, or bilateral with involvement of both nerves. It can vary in size, density, and symmetry. The patient may report severe visual loss or blurring Vic Beasley Jr Shirt , lasting up to 3 weeks, and pain especially with eye movement. Common ophthalmoscopic findings include hyperemia of the optic disk, retinal vein distention, blurred disk margins, and filling of the physiologic cup.

Retinal pigmentary degenerations:
These disorders cause premature retinal cell changes leading to cell death. One disorder, retinitis pigmentosa Matt Ryan Shirt , initially involves loss of peripheral rods; the resulting annular scotoma progresses concentrically until only a central field of vision (tunnel vision) remains. The earliest symptom impaired night vision appears during adolescence. Associated signs include narrowing of the retinal blood vessels and pallor of the optic disk. Eventually, with invasion of the macula, blindness may occur.

Homoeopathic approach:

Graphites:

Phlyctenular ophthalmia.

It is one of our best remedies in vesicles on the cornea and ulceration in scrofulous children; there is intense burning, lachrymation; the canthi crack and bleed.

Scrofulous ophthalmia with tendency to wild hairs.

It is a specific in blepharitis than any other.

Graphites is the great remedy in "gummed up, photophobia eyes." and it is most useful in blepharitis, especially in eczematous subjects or following measles.

Ammoniacum :
This remedy stands between Belladonna and Ruta in asthenopia; the eyes smart and burn Devonta Freeman Shirt , especially when used at night by light.

Asarum:
Eyes feel stiff and burn or feel cold, better when in cold air, or bathed in cold water, worse in the sunlight.

Ruta:
Is also a most a valuable remedy for affections of the eyes from overwork, where every tissue of the eye is irritable.
Eyes burn, feel hot like balls of fire.

Onosmodium:

It is a very useful remedy in eye strain Calvin Ridley Shirt , with dull, heavy , sore, aching eyes.

No inflammatory troubles but